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Organic pools

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Title: Organic pools
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Natural Pools - brimming with bubbles and life Natural Pools allow nature to provide hygienic water for swimming. The vibrant...

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<span style="background-color: #838a3b; color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-indent: 170px;">Natural Pools - brimming with bubbles and life</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjua5HrrT2Dn4AdWxSeCXJXYASPlIGIEBB0-ptyDbtKYV3kMqYCQTvIA-s6214jsXDTbKxaWQUbGVmtOFNBSQBZ8Ky1qUTuKMWaZRE1ujFE6w157ICJwk2EcmdEGJHutlXcuMHYDVEmLpo/s1600/natural+pool+for+children.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjua5HrrT2Dn4AdWxSeCXJXYASPlIGIEBB0-ptyDbtKYV3kMqYCQTvIA-s6214jsXDTbKxaWQUbGVmtOFNBSQBZ8Ky1qUTuKMWaZRE1ujFE6w157ICJwk2EcmdEGJHutlXcuMHYDVEmLpo/s1600/natural+pool+for+children.jpg" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigXgdy_drRPaul3nk6m3OdodI2iIuQWMlRt944D6r8oUFyEoF2r7WBENF2pKkWvsGlWsixQ61WV41oI0rG35bNF0-lLi54X9Oiq2or0Mt_ivwA54r38afBRY10kl7UK-tSqC9WnULJxdc/s1600/natural+swimming+pool+by+night+organicpools.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigXgdy_drRPaul3nk6m3OdodI2iIuQWMlRt944D6r8oUFyEoF2r7WBENF2pKkWvsGlWsixQ61WV41oI0rG35bNF0-lLi54X9Oiq2or0Mt_ivwA54r38afBRY10kl7UK-tSqC9WnULJxdc/s1600/natural+swimming+pool+by+night+organicpools.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #f5ffeb; color: #443333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Natural Pools allow nature to provide hygienic water for swimming. The vibrant ecology of plants and animals condition the water so there is no need for any chemical disinfectants.These pools are healthy for people and wildlife. In fact the water quality in a natural pool is so good, many are well within drinking water standards, including the pool featured here.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaEAPdCWnzdfQKNGz_ZqPhUsPXJSxkGVLmaPosfEmu9W98L3nNmDSQFQfYMFYA6DHexksBzpZ0r47JS5WAvCbX4tJWRM6TDLfns0vVCUEQXpmCuRuhNs1P5thYzF2as536Sy7c8UlSDJw/s1600/natural+pool+underwater+lily.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaEAPdCWnzdfQKNGz_ZqPhUsPXJSxkGVLmaPosfEmu9W98L3nNmDSQFQfYMFYA6DHexksBzpZ0r47JS5WAvCbX4tJWRM6TDLfns0vVCUEQXpmCuRuhNs1P5thYzF2as536Sy7c8UlSDJw/s1600/natural+pool+underwater+lily.jpg" /></a></div>
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This film gives a tour of the pools and includes lots of underwater footage so you can get a clear idea of swimming in an organic pool. It also shows the construction of a DIY organic plunge pool (48m2 total area) and a full size pool (180m2). The feature length (90minutes) version of the film is available on DVD.<br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;">visit this site for more info</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-large;">[<a href="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/" rel="" target="_blank">http://www.organicpools.co.uk/</a>]</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #838a3b; color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-indent: 170px;">how organic pools work</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NlAdit906jDZRY2wOBRCnD9JJlEMi-LA014XnWtroLCeXQjbcVv9OYPIT-oXERJ558u8nMDYtLqAYPB0H4kI4bXJCEKngF3c0bwdfibADPNeg4-BjiUdOqjnnxr4Wzqo6cuco5Rr-bU/s1600/pool+web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="282" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4NlAdit906jDZRY2wOBRCnD9JJlEMi-LA014XnWtroLCeXQjbcVv9OYPIT-oXERJ558u8nMDYtLqAYPB0H4kI4bXJCEKngF3c0bwdfibADPNeg4-BjiUdOqjnnxr4Wzqo6cuco5Rr-bU/s1600/pool+web.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f5ffeb; color: #443333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The nutrient level in an organic pool is carefully restricted so competition for the limiting nutrient (usually phosphorous) is fierce. In these circumstances, pond plants outperform algae, keeping it supressed and barely hanging in at the margins. A pond, low in nutrients, is a healthy environment for wildlife. An organic pool is teeming with life. If an alien micro-organism, a human pathogen for instance, enters the water, it faces battalions of hungry pond dewelling micro-organisms to either starve it out of existence, or devour it. A water analysis of this pond water showed that it contained zero organisms of e coli. per litre of water.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #838a3b; color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-indent: 170px;">Natural Pool</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizufpXf_tH9jNZKbmmuzcgmbjHToL_bBWiI6LNnkLWQa_Q16XkBwXwfcUGxycGxvsIwuv02r3g24OcyrfilhnIaOtRmc68je5uiXnHfW_4dN1WDVFtUZajxQ-kix3Tht3GoRAk8rTzaDw/s1600/natural+pool+larger.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="425" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizufpXf_tH9jNZKbmmuzcgmbjHToL_bBWiI6LNnkLWQa_Q16XkBwXwfcUGxycGxvsIwuv02r3g24OcyrfilhnIaOtRmc68je5uiXnHfW_4dN1WDVFtUZajxQ-kix3Tht3GoRAk8rTzaDw/s1600/natural+pool+larger.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="background-color: #f5ffeb; color: #443333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Swimming in a Natural pool among flowering plants of lilies, iris and marsh marigolds is a celebration of life. Soothing your limbs and mind and skin and eyes, it seems every cell in your body is telling you - this is the way swimming should be. Natural Pools work entirely with nature to provide hygienic water for swimming.</span><br />
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Over the past five years, building my own pools and meeting experts on Natural Swimming Pools, I have re-thought the processes needed to create hygienic swimming water and I have come up with a system completely geared to fellow DIY pond builders. I try to minimise resources, incorporating reclaimed materials and I even make filters from reused household objects and domestic plumbing. In addition, my pools use a fraction of the electrical energy most Natural Swimming Pools require to maintain them. All of this is achieved without compromising healthy water. The water was recently tested and shown to be of drinking water quality. And of course, these pools have been designed to benefit wildlife - they are a nature reserve you can swim in! I hope by showing you how I've done it, you will be inspired to start digging for yourself.</div>
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This pool is about 180m2 in total. The central swimming area is 4.5m x11.5m and 2.2m deep. It took me a couple of years of weekends and days off to complete and cost around 6000GBP.</div>
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<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/liner%20in.JPG" td="" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">The liner is pulled roughly in place.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/large%20pool%20-%20kids%20swimming%201meg.JPG" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">An area of gravel creates a beach for access to the pool. A wooden jetty has been built for diving into the swimming zone and some steps for a gentle introduction to the shallows. Plants are flourishing and the water is clear.</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #838a3b; color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-indent: 170px;">Organic Plunge Pool</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX2vEgo6mRB3IWwFuSvj8OL2qr86f-tGOPhPYSBVOUh3S5agbm9MACAQSCovJYkjIvy3W0wcEYR5RBp04R34vp46WlXzP2UfxN_pPyn9_en59AN8lJqXMKZjnxGmqe438gEvI2sSLiiTw/s1600/natural+plunge+pool.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="426" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhX2vEgo6mRB3IWwFuSvj8OL2qr86f-tGOPhPYSBVOUh3S5agbm9MACAQSCovJYkjIvy3W0wcEYR5RBp04R34vp46WlXzP2UfxN_pPyn9_en59AN8lJqXMKZjnxGmqe438gEvI2sSLiiTw/s1600/natural+plunge+pool.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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The plunge pool is a proper organic pool (natural swimming pool), only smaller. And this one is small enough to fit in a modest garden to bring the delights of plunging into organic water to more of us.</div>
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My kids love this pool; they feel comfortable learning to swim in deep water knowing they can reach the shallows with a single kick of doggy paddle and an outstretched arm. It is somehow manages to achieve being simultaneously cottage garden cosy and yet a sparkling wilderness.</div>
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This pool covers an area of 48 squrare metres (6mx8m) with a 2.2m deep swimming or plunging zone measuring 4 metres by 2 metres. Come on one of my courses and I'll show you how you can make this organic pool.</div>
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<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">The first summer for the plunge pool.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/more%20images/me%20and%20barrie%20digging%203%20foot%20down.jpg" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">Starting to dig the 4m by 2m swimming (plunging) zone.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/more%20images/placing%20oak.jpg" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">Finishing the planted zone retaining wall.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/plunge%20pool%20771.JPG" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">The new plunge pool just completed, October 2010.</td></tr>
<tr><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;"><img border="0" height="255" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/small%20pond%20%201meg.JPG" width="400" /></td><td style="background-color: #9eaf6f; border: 0px solid black; color: white; font-size: 14px; vertical-align: top; width: 160px;">The plunge pool eight months after completion. I have moved the fence, built a little jetty over the filter and removed the architectural brutalism of the plank propped on concrete blocks. June 2011.</td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: #838a3b; color: white; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; text-indent: 170px;">FAQ and supplementary advice</span><br />
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Natural Pools FAQ</h3>
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Hot Climate</h4>
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Q: Here in Shepparton, Victoria. Australia its often around 35 degrees centigrade from about December to mid March & he has wondered if the heat is likely to cause algae problems. In your experience do you think this could be a problem? Ruth</div>
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A: There are very few Natural Swimming Pools in hot climates so experience is pretty limited. Here are my thoughts to reduce the effects of the heat.</div>
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1. Obviously, do not insulate the pool from the ground - as I have done for pools in UK climate.</div>
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2. Keep the water deep. Have the swimming zone at least 2.5m deep. Have most of the planted zone 1 or 1.5 metre deep.</div>
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3. Provide areas of shade for the pool: canopies, pergolas etc. Plant plenty of floating leave plants in the planted zone.</div>
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4. Make sure the minimum level of nutrient is entering the pool. (Inert planting substrate such as washed sand and gravel, no surface run-off, bathers shower before entering etc)</div>
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5. Reduce the effects of evaporation. Shelter the pool from wind with fences, walls, etc.</div>
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6. Reflect as much sunlight as possible to reduce solar heating in the pool. Have a lighter coloured pool liner, say pale green or tile the floor with light coloured stone.</div>
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Will the pool be full of Mosquitoes?</h4>
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No. The water hosts a diverse ecology, which includes fauna that predates on mosquitoes. Mosquito larvae have nowhere to hide. Dragonfly larvae, Water Boatmen, Diving Beetle larvae eat the submerged mosquito larvae, while Pond Skaters and Whirligig beetles scoot over the water surface to devour emerging mosquito larvae from above. (Interestingly, a study of a bio-diverse, naturally occurring pond on a Caribbean island showed it contained no mosquito larvae.) Also, mosquito larvae prefer still water. Water in a Natural Pool is gently circulated.</div>
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What about human pathogens in the water?</h4>
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The water holds a diverse ecosystem teeming with freshwater microorganisms constantly filtering the water for other microorganisms, including human pathogens, which have the misfortune to plop into the pool. Over the last 20 years, many thousands of these pools have been constructed in Germany, Austria, France, Switzerland, UK, Australia, USA. There have been no reported health issues with these pools.</div>
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How much does a Natural Pool cost?</h4>
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A commercially installed pool may cost GBP 700 per square metre. Organic Pools bubble system with DIY installation could cost as low as GBP 70 per square metre.</div>
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POOL FREEZING.</h4>
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Q. Your organic pool manual looks like it full of very good design and advice for the type of pond/pool I'm interested in building. However, my major concern is that your design is suited to the climate in Great Britain and maybe not the climate where I live. I live in south-central Wisconsin, USA, where the winters are very cold and the ice on the local lakes gets to be 30cm or more every winter. I would expect any pond I build to be iced over from November through April, freezing to a similar depth. Does your manual cover design differences needed for such a cold climate?</div>
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A. The manual doesn't specifically deal with harsh winters but the pool design is pretty immune to freezing. There is no shallow pipework or wall to be vulnerable to ice. These pools work well in mainland Europe where they have a similar climate.</div>
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Q. Do you see a problem with the pool freezing over in winter? I live in Canada where the average winter temperature is -13C. I wonder if the plants will survive and if the the pool will resist. Maybe Austria is similar and you have explored the problem before?</div>
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A. There is no problem with the pool freezing over. The local aquatic flora and fauna will be adapted to cope with the conditions.</div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/more%20images/getting%20in%20MVI_3248%20ice%20pool.jpg" width="100%" /></div>
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LEAVES.</div>
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Q. What to do with them when they fall in the pool. I have many trees on my propriety and I am afraid the pool would get choked in leaves, thus decomposing matter.</div>
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A. The pool can cope with some leaves in the pool, but if excessive they will rot down and add too many nutrients to the pool. A net can be strung over the pool in the autumn to catch the leaves.</div>
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TROPICS.</div>
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Q. Will these pools work in the tropics? Are mosquitoes a problem?</div>
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A. Here in Europe, working natural swimming pools generally do not have a problem with mosquitoes. Mosquitoes do not like circulating water and are naturally predated by newts, dragonfly larvae etc. I have no experience of pools in the tropics but I have read research on natural ponds in the Caribbean which found no mosquitoes due to the natural populations of their predators in the water. I would take advice from a local ecologist and see visit an unpolluted, naturally occurring pond.</div>
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SNAKES.</div>
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Q. I'm very close to get started on my natural swimming pool, but one thing is holding me up -snakes. I live in Western New York, USA and our land borders on a small creek that often has snakes sunning themselves in and around it. Unfortunately I'm very scared of them and have 3 little ones that I'm scared for around them. Any suggestions as to how I could keep the snakes out of my pool? My only thought is a solid 3 foot fence around the entire thing, with a gate that touches the ground. Please let me know what you think. Thank you, (aka Scaredy Cat American)</div>
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A. It is possible to have a separate swimming pool and planted planted pool (or a biological filter bed), so the pool looks like a conventional swimming pool. However, I would be the first to say that there are situations were an outdoor pool is not suitable, albeit conventional chlorinated pool or a Natural Pool. But it is up to you to balance the risks involved. Realistically, the risk of death by snake envenoming in the US is low compared to other risks - less than 10 per year compared to over 30,000 motor vehicle deaths. (Of those snake deaths, a significant number are from pet snakes or from handling snakes during religious ceremonies). I can't find any references to swimming related incidents. My personal opinion is that it is the fear of snakes, rather than the snakes themselves, which poses the problem. And that problem is no less an issue. You may find that even if you build a lovely pool with walls around it you may still not be able to relax due to the fear of a snake taking a swim. Maybe the conclusion is a Natural Pool is not for you. Sorry I can't provide an easy answer. Kind regards, David</div>
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Q. I guess my real question is, have you ever known anyone to have a snake in their natural pool. Someone suggested they might not be interested because of lack of food. Your thoughts? Thanks a lot.</div>
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A. Undoubtedly they have been in natural swimming pools. (I believe the same is true of standard outdoor pools). Of course many snakes are harmless and are very welcome wildlife, grass snakes for example. I have seen a viper in a public outdoor swimming lake in France. My 7 year old son even picked it out of the water, much to our alarm! However, I have not heard of anyone being bitten by a snake in a natural swimming pool (or a standard pool).</div>
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WELL WATER.</div>
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Q. I have a source of well water which contains iron but otherwise clear. I am not sure of the water quality do you think it will be OK?</div>
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I am glad you find the book helpful. I would guess that your well water should be fine. If any problems should arise, then just tackle them as they happen. I imagine the iron will just mean the water is coloured, but the ecology should adjust to the water conditions. You may just find the water quality is perfectly acceptable, if so great. Sorry I have got no clear cut answer to this, other than at worse, you will end up with a pond for wildlife - which is no bad thing.</div>
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SEPARATE PLANTED POOL.</div>
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Q. Just wondering if you had any thoughts on setting up an existing pool with a separate pond. With regard to circulating pumps. Would you still use the aerator pump in the growing area then a pump to circulate water back to the main pool?</div>
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A. Yes, that would work. Or have the bubble pump in the deeper swimming pool, pumping into the external planted pool. The overflow from the planted pool runs back into the swimming pool - this will be less critical on water levels.</div>
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COST OF A BIG POOL.</div>
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Q. We have an unusually large back yard considering we live in the suburbs/city limits. I keep reading that the size of the pool/pond is not an issue. For me, it's going to be more of a cost issue. I need to know about how much money I need to start putting back to start this massive project. The size pool we want is a swimming area of 10m x 20m, with a depth ranging from 3ft to at least 10ft (roughly 1m x 3m I think). My daughter is a swimmer and asked for a lap lane on the side of the pool. The boys want a "diving well." That's part of the reasons for the size and depth.</div>
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So my questions are:</div>
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1. Any idea on the estimated cost to build this giant hole?</div>
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2. Do you make a kit this big? cost?</div>
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3. What would the minimal size of the regeneration zone need to be?</div>
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4. When is the best time of year to start the project?</div>
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We would appreciate any feed back or general information you can provide. Thank you.</div>
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A. The greatest cost would be digging the hole and building the walls. I would consult a local ground works company to get a price. As for the the kit, size is not an issue. You just need a circulation system to match the water volume. The size of the regeneration zone should be equal to the swimming, but can be reduced by more filtration equipment.</div>
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Best time to start a project - if it's not snowing or raining, today.</div>
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DVD follow on solutions</h3>
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Which plant substrate to use?</h4>
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I used the subsoil from the pond dig, but some subsoils may contain too many nutrients. The most predictable substrate to use is a 50:50 mix of washed gravel and coarse sand (sharp sand).</div>
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Making a Stronger Edge for the Plunge Pool</h4>
<span style="background-color: #f5ffeb; color: #443333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px;">After using the plunge pool for a while I realised the edge on the beach side of the pool was not stable enough for the amount of trampling it was undergoing. I had some concrete blocks, which would make a simple path around that edge. I pulled out the pieces of insulation board I had used previously and dug a trench 12 inches wide 8 inches deep and around that edge. The bottom of the trench was stable subsoil so I did not need to go any further down. Then, I partially filled the trench with 4 inches of sand and gravel and tamped it down to make a smooth bed. I simply placed the 4 by 10 inch thick blocks face down, in a line along this bed, resting them up against the layers of liner (underliner/liner/overliner) so as to keep the layers vertical at the edge. On the back side of the blocks, the space was filled with shingle to drain away water run-off from the surrounding grassy area. I also used some six-inch wide brick laying Damp Proof Course (DPC) membrane to keep the topsoil out of the shingle drain. Once all the blocks were laid, I brushed the whole path with sand.</span><br />
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<img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/concreting%20edge.jpg" width="50%" /></div>
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To make the edge even more robust I mixed up some reasonably stiff concrete, (1 cement, 2 sand and 3 aggregate with not much water), cleared the gravel on the inside edge of the pool, and shovelled the concrete in its place. This made a haunch, keeping the liner layers firmly sandwiched together and vertical at the edge. Just to recap, the (underliner/liner/overliner) needs to be vertical so the possibility of capillary action across the membranes is minimised.</div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/trimming%20liner%20edge.jpg" width="50%" /> Trimming the pool liner with a knife.</div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/completed%20edge.jpg" width="50%" /> Completed pool edge.</div>
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<img border="0" src="http://www.organicpools.co.uk/images/edge%20complete%20and%20tidier.jpg" width="50%" /></div>
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Shingle covers the concrete blocks and haunching so it appears more beach-like.</div>
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<span style="background-color: #f5ffeb; color: #443333; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 0px;">david@organicpools.co.uk</span></div>
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Organic pools

Natural Pools - brimming with bubbles and life Natural Pools allow nature to provide hygienic water for swimming. The vibrant...

The Longest Tunnel in The World

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Title: The Longest Tunnel in The World
Author: Unknown
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a railway tunnel in the heart of the Swiss Alps expected to open in 2016. With a route length of ...

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<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="//www.youtube.com/embed/QaTN_R1b00I?rel=0" width="640"></iframe><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;">The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a railway tunnel in the heart of the Swiss Alps expected to open in 2016. With a route length of 57 km (35.4 mi) and a total of 151.84 km (94.3 mi) of tunnels, shafts and passages, it is the world's longest rail tunnel, surpassing the Seikan Tunnel in Japan.</span><br />
<br style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;" />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx5D6MNeYbHxygK2etjGOIVfANAD36UURgED0W2Jaq69gk7YPQ2UpYIWSBvJE0nNyhVgNpTAfuaIBQ6EgmkCGH5u3Wo0tRI091KHKnacsQqtLTIJSCH55qd24zhl6qBFkBwQlJdCzKfGtJ/s1600/image-139158-panoV9-nsrj.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgx5D6MNeYbHxygK2etjGOIVfANAD36UURgED0W2Jaq69gk7YPQ2UpYIWSBvJE0nNyhVgNpTAfuaIBQ6EgmkCGH5u3Wo0tRI091KHKnacsQqtLTIJSCH55qd24zhl6qBFkBwQlJdCzKfGtJ/s1600/image-139158-panoV9-nsrj.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;">Its main purpose is to increase total transport capacity across the Alps, especially for freight, notably between Germany and Italy, and more particularly to shift freight volumes from road to rail to reduce environmental damage caused by ever-increasing numbers of heavy lorries. A secondary benefit will be to cut the journey time for passenger trains from Zürich to Milan by about an hour and from Zürich to Lugano to 1-hour 40 minutes.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg89lBJ8YiGGoWsnTrQSRaY5mNzmyMl6vdvgYJJ2bN6I0ciXv9mwOn1-MuCTeakwAUcfLPIINoWYoEwl-AEl-bmNGJhwvc9Z39XldCJ8X7V2mKdXPY75osfBZBZ_J8pMJlOwjfmYa7N2Grp/s1600/gotthard+base+tunnel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg89lBJ8YiGGoWsnTrQSRaY5mNzmyMl6vdvgYJJ2bN6I0ciXv9mwOn1-MuCTeakwAUcfLPIINoWYoEwl-AEl-bmNGJhwvc9Z39XldCJ8X7V2mKdXPY75osfBZBZ_J8pMJlOwjfmYa7N2Grp/s1600/gotthard+base+tunnel.jpg" width="320" /></a><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;">The project consists of two single-track tunnels. It is part of the AlpTransit project, also known as the New Railway Link through the Alps (NRLA), which includes the Lötschberg Base Tunnel between the cantons of Bern and Valais and the under construction Ceneri Base Tunnel (scheduled to open late 2019) to the south. It bypasses the Gotthardbahn, a winding mountain route opened in 1882 across the Saint-Gotthard Massif, which is now operating at capacity, and establishes a direct route usable by high-speed rail and heavy freight trains.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;">The total cost of the project is 9.8 billion Swiss francs, or US$10.3 billion. When completed, the Gotthard Base Tunnel will be one of the longest tunnel construction projects in the world: 20 years of constant construction and preparation.</span></div>
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The Longest Tunnel in The World

The Gotthard Base Tunnel (GBT) is a railway tunnel in the heart of the Swiss Alps expected to open in 2016. With a route length of ...

Karcham Wangtoo INDIA - A Himalayan Megastructure

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Title: Karcham Wangtoo INDIA - A Himalayan Megastructure
Author: Unknown
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Surrounded by jagged peaks, prone to sub-zero winters & accessible only by steep mountain roads, a strong crew of 14,500 brave ...

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<span style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.727272033691406px; line-height: 17px;">Surrounded by jagged peaks, prone to sub-zero winters & accessible only by steep mountain roads, a strong crew of 14,500 brave the mighty Himalayas to create an approximately $1.5 billion state-of-the-art 1000MW hydropower project in a record time of a little over 5 years -- The largest hydropower station ever to be constructed by an Indian private company -- This is a documentary on the making of the Karcham Wangtoo Hydel Power Project.</span></div>
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Karcham Wangtoo INDIA - A Himalayan Megastructure

Surrounded by jagged peaks, prone to sub-zero winters & accessible only by steep mountain roads, a strong crew of 14,500 brave ...

Concrete Technology MCQ Book

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Title: Concrete Technology MCQ Book
Author: Unknown
Rating 5 of 5 Des:

Concrete Technology MCQ BOOK

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Concrete Technology MCQ Book

Concrete Technology MCQ BOOK

Worlds Fastest Roller Coaster

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Title: Worlds Fastest Roller Coaster
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Ferrari World Abu Dhabi Fun Facts The 86,000 m 2 enclosed area of Ferrari World Abu Dhabi can fit 7 football fields in 'head t...

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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The 86,000 m<sup>2</sup> enclosed area of Ferrari World Abu Dhabi can fit 7 football fields in 'head to toe'.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The total roof area of 200,000 m<sup>2</sup> uses enough aluminum to cover 16,750 Ferraris, or if you laid the roof flat you could place 20,100 Ferrari's side by side and end to end.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">If Ferrari World Abu Dhabi was turned upright, it would be the tallest man made structure in the world at over 300 floors!</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The Ferrari logo on the roof, the largest ever created, measures an incredible 65m in length and covers an area of 3,000 m<sup>2</sup> which could fit at least 7 basketball courts.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The volume of concrete in Hoover Dam could fit inside Ferrari World Abu Dhabi.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">100,000 m<sup>3</sup> of concrete were used to pour the slabs of Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, which is 10,000 m<sup>3</sup> more than what was used for Wembley Stadium in London.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi has the largest space frame structure ever built with a total of approximately 172,000 members and 43,100 nodes.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi needed 12,370 tons of steel to create its structure; the Eiffel Tower only needed 7,000 tons.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The gross footprint area of the plaza level is equivalent to approximately 15 American Football fields.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">The Empire State Building could be rebuilt in the same time it took to clad the 200,000 m<sup>2</sup> of roof for Ferrari World Abu Dhabi; approximately 14 months.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Formula Rossa, the world's fastest roller coaster, has the same G force one would feel driving in an F1 car and braking at maximum speed.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Bell'Italia displays more than 40,000 hand-planted miniature trees.<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdJpgKUjKp7LBr_7APwzAOmKMIEfjgO4fXQeKXwO-G5YMYKdEJ0CqRO_gXLAgRe156E4ktS0P7IYNvqqfWyOxZDXscXk5YWhfkjKMOgvXdAv8Ma4s6CQGiCC6CHBjKT5jRc_vHo2UZoymo/s1600/rusa-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdJpgKUjKp7LBr_7APwzAOmKMIEfjgO4fXQeKXwO-G5YMYKdEJ0CqRO_gXLAgRe156E4ktS0P7IYNvqqfWyOxZDXscXk5YWhfkjKMOgvXdAv8Ma4s6CQGiCC6CHBjKT5jRc_vHo2UZoymo/s1600/rusa-2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi includes 1,200 dining seats – enough to feed the entire park at full capacity in 3 hours.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, for the first time ever, houses Four Michelin star experienced Italian chefs under one roof.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">There is a total of 663 jelly palms surrounding the two coasters. Each palm produces 4 pounds of fruit.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 1em;">A football field needs 8,400 m<sup>2</sup> of grass coverage; to cover the area around the roller coasters at Ferrari World Abu Dhabi, 4.5 times that amount was used - approximately 39,000 m<sup>2</sup> of ground cover.</li>
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